Learning About Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) and 504 Plans

Individualized education programs (IEPs) and 504 plans are types of plans put in place at school for children who have a disability or medical condition that affects learning. The purpose of these plans is to help a child progress in school. Both IEP and 504 plans are free tools. Schools are required by law to follow them.

An IEP is a plan for a child who has a disability and who needs special instruction or related services. It may include special education classes, speech or occupational therapy, physical therapy, and behavioral therapy. It may also include a transition plan for older teens.

IEP plans are usually developed by a team. This team may include the child's teachers, school specialists, and the child's parents. Schools must evaluate the child at no cost to the parent before making an IEP. The IEP is reviewed and updated at least once a year. IEP plans are covered under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).

A 504 plan is for a child who has a disability or medical condition that limits their ability to do a major life activity. This can include things like learning, doing manual tasks, or walking. These children do not need special education. But they do need accommodations. A 504 plan makes sure they get them.

Accommodations might mean giving a child more time on tests, less homework during illness flares, or a copy of the teacher's notes. A 504 plan may also be used to ensure a child has access to their medicines while at school. 504 plans are covered under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.

An IEP is a plan for children who need special education or related services. They need these in order to progress in school. A 504 plan is for children who need accommodations to learn. They do not need special education.

Whether a child is eligible for an IEP or a 504 plan depends on the child's disability. It also depends on their needs.

• An IEP. A child must be found to have a disability under the IDEA. There are 13 federal disability categories. Some examples are autism, deaf-blind, emotional disturbance, intellectual disability, orthopedic impairments, and traumatic brain injury. The child must also require special instruction to progress in school.
• A 504 plan. A child must have a disability that substantially limits them in one or more major life activities. If a child has a disability under the IDEA, but they do not need special instruction, the child may be eligible for a 504 plan instead of an IEP.

Talk to your child's teacher or school. They will evaluate your child. If the school thinks your child needs an IEP or a 504 plan, the school will make one. You may be asked to help. The school will go over the plan with you and answer any questions you may have. Your child's doctor may be asked to fill out a form that explains your child's diagnosis and needs. This can help the school know what your child might need based on your child's physical or mental disability. IEP and 504 plans are reviewed and updated on a regular basis. You can also request that your child's plan be updated if their needs change.

Here are some tips for making sure your child gets the support they need.

• Keep organized records of all evaluations, letters, and meeting notes.
• Bring a list of your child's strengths and challenges to every meeting.
• Ask questions if anything is unclear. There are no wrong questions.
• You may bring a support person or advocate. You can also bring an educational attorney to meetings if needed.
• If you do not agree with the school's decision, you can request mediation or file a complaint. Ask your school district about the dispute resolution process.
• Plans should be reviewed on a regular basis. If your child's needs change, request a meeting to update the plan.